Scientists Reveal How Sunlight Disables a Key Cancer Defense in Human Skin
Sunlight supports human health in many ways. It helps the body create vitamin D and boosts mood. However, too much sunlight can harm skin cells and increase cancer risk.A new study explains how this happens. Scientists at the University of Chicago discovered that ultraviolet (UV) radiation can switch off a built-in protective system in skin cells. As a result, inflammation can rise quickly and create conditions that support cancer.
The Protein That Protects Skin Cells
Researchers found that a protein called YTHDF2 plays an important protective role. It helps control tiny RNA signals inside cells. These signals normally stay quiet and do not activate the immune system. UV radiation breaks down YTHDF2, which removes that protection.Once the protein disappears, a small RNA called U6 becomes active. In addition, this RNA interacts with an immune sensor known as TLR3. This sensor triggers strong inflammation, which can turn simple sun damage into something more dangerous.
A Surprising Chain Reaction
The team discovered that U6 RNA ends up inside structures called endosomes. These compartments usually recycle materials. However, during UV stress, they become part of an unexpected inflammatory pathway.A protein called SDT2 helps transport U6 into the endosome. YTHDF2 normally travels with it to keep inflammation under control. When YTHDF2 levels fall, U6 activates TLR3 freely. Therefore, inflammation becomes stronger and may contribute to cancer development.
New Possibilities for Prevention
This research reveals a hidden surveillance system inside skin cells. It also offers new ideas for preventing UV-related skin cancer by targeting RNA-protein interactions. Scientists hope these insights will support safer treatments and better protection strategies in the future.
