Scientists Discover Viral RNA Switch That Could Enable a Universal Antiviral Drug
Scientists have uncovered a critical viral RNA structure. This discovery could support a universal antiviral treatment. Researchers from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County led the study. They published their findings in Nature Communications. Enteroviruses cause diseases like polio and myocarditis. They also trigger encephalitis and common cold infections. These viruses invade human cells and hijack their machinery. As a result, they begin making viral proteins quickly. The viral RNA plays two key roles. It builds proteins and copies itself at the same time.
The RNA Cloverleaf Switch
The team focused on a cloverleaf-shaped RNA structure. This structure sits at the start of the viral genome. It recruits viral and human proteins together. Therefore, it forms a replication complex inside the cell. One viral protein, called 3CD, plays a central role. Its 3C part binds RNA, while 3D copies the genome. When 3CD attaches to the RNA, replication begins. However, when it releases, protein production resumes. This process acts like a molecular switch. As a result, the virus controls its own timing. Researchers captured this interaction at high resolution. They used X-ray crystallography and binding experiments.
Solving a Scientific Debate
The team discovered two 3CD molecules bind side by side. This finding resolved earlier scientific disagreement. Why two molecules are needed remains unclear. Still, the structure now appears well defined. All seven enteroviruses studied used the same mechanism.
In addition, the RNA structure remained highly conserved. That consistency makes it an ideal drug target. Any mutation would likely stop viral replication. Future drugs could block the RNA or its protein partners. Therefore, this approach may work across many viruses.
This Discovery Matters
This research highlights the value of basic science. It also opens new paths for inclusive global health solutions. Scientists now have a clearer target. A universal antiviral drug may move closer to reality.
