Sugar Substitutes May Disrupt Metabolism, Study Finds
People trying to reduce calories often choose sugar substitutes instead of regular sugar. However, a new study suggests these low-calorie sweeteners may affect metabolism and overall health. Researchers say people should use them with caution until more evidence becomes available.
Study Links Sweeteners to Health Risks
The new review examined more than 20 clinical trials and several large observational studies. Researchers found that artificial sweeteners may change blood sugar levels soon after consumption. In addition, regular use may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
The researchers explained that they focused on the sweeteners themselves instead of the calories they replace. As a result, they found signs that these products could have direct effects on metabolism.
Experts believe the gut microbiome may play an important role. These sweeteners pass through the digestive system and may change the balance of helpful bacteria. Therefore, these changes could affect blood sugar control and other metabolic functions.
Experts Recommend a Balanced Approach
Researchers said the growing use of artificial sweeteners has moved faster than studies on their long-term safety. Although they may help reduce added sugar, experts warn that people should not assume they are completely harmless. For example, replacing several sugary drinks with low-calorie alternatives may be a better short-term choice. However, drinking more water and choosing naturally healthy foods remains the best option.
Another study published last year also linked frequent artificial sweetener use with faster declines in memory, thinking, and verbal skills. While this does not prove cause and effect, it raises important questions for future research. Artificial sweeteners include products such as sucralose, saccharin, stevia, and other low-calorie sugar alternatives. They appear in diet soft drinks, sugar-free gum, protein bars, coffee sweeteners, and many packaged foods.
Manufacturers must list the sweeteners used in their products. However, they do not need to reveal the exact amount. Because of this, researchers say studying their long-term health effects remains difficult. Until stronger evidence becomes available, experts advise using sugar substitutes in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
