Scientists at Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg have discovered an unexpected strategy that poxviruses use to survive and reproduce inside human cells. Instead of relying solely on proteins, these viruses make use of a small RNA molecule to guide the process.
The study, published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, reveals that a transfer RNA (tRNA) helps assemble a large viral enzyme complex known as vRNAP. This “all-in-one” unit, made of 15 proteins and one RNA molecule, is essential for activating viral genes and driving replication.
“In our study, we focused on a large protein complex: the so-called complete vRNAP, an RNA polymerase found in vaccinia, the prototypical poxvirus,” explained Professor Utz Fischer.
The researchers were surprised by the central role of tRNA. “Typically, RNA has no role in this kind of process. Yet here a tRNA sits centrally… ensuring their cohesion and readiness to initiate gene expression,” noted Dr. Clemens Grimm.
Experts believe this discovery could help design new antiviral drugs. With Mpox cases rising in Africa, targeting this viral “survival kit” may become an important step in preventing future outbreaks.
