Pumas Return to Patagonia, Creating New Threat for Penguin Colonies
New research reveals a complex conservation story. Pumas are hunting mainland penguins in Patagonia after returning to their historic range. However, this surprising predation is not the penguins’ biggest threat.
Pumas Reclaim Their Historic Home
Cattle ranching ended in southern Argentina decades ago. As a result, pumas have gradually returned to the coast. They now encounter Magellanic penguin colonies there.These penguins evolved without land predators. Therefore, they have few defenses against a hunter like the puma.
Thousands of Penguins Killed
Scientists monitored a colony for four years. They found over 7,000 adult penguins killed by pumas. Importantly, many birds were left uneaten.This behavior is called “surplus killing.” It is similar to how domestic cats hunt. Prey that is easy to catch can be killed in excess.
Population Models Show a Different Story
Researchers used population data to model the future. They found puma attacks alone likely will not wipe out the colony. Instead, other factors are more critical.For example, breeding success and juvenile survival are key. Climate change affects these factors by altering food supply and temperature.This situation highlights a new ecological puzzle. Recovering predator populations can create unexpected pressures. Similar issues are happening globally with other coastal species.
Therefore, continued monitoring is essential. Park authorities must track both puma and penguin numbers. This data helps guide informed conservation decisions.
