New research from the University of Melbourne reveals that X-rays may do more harm than good when diagnosing knee osteoarthritis. These scans often heighten patient anxiety and increase the likelihood of opting for unnecessary surgery. Instead, clinical diagnosis—based on symptoms and medical history—is a safer and more effective approach to managing pain and mobility.
Osteoarthritis affects over two million Australians and is a leading cause of long-term disability. Despite guidelines advising against routine imaging, nearly half of patients visiting their GP for knee pain are sent for X-rays, costing the health system around A$104.7 million annually. “Some people with minimal joint changes have very bad symptoms, while others with more joint changes have only mild symptoms,” researchers noted, challenging the belief that visible joint damage correlates with pain severity.
A study involving 617 participants found that those shown their X-ray images were 36% more likely to believe they needed knee replacement surgery. They also feared movement and believed exercise could worsen their condition. While surgery is sometimes necessary, most patients can manage osteoarthritis through education, physical activity, weight control, and pain relief. Reducing reliance on imaging could lower healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes.
