Why Colorectal Cancer Defies Immune Rules | New Research Explained
Colorectal cancer has puzzled scientists for years. Unlike most cancers, patients often live longer with more immune-suppressing cells. However, new research finally explains this surprising pattern.Scientists at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center uncovered a hidden immune balance. As a result, they found that not all regulatory T cells act the same way.
Some protect patients, while others help tumors grow.
Two Immune Cells, Two Very Different Roles
Regulatory T cells usually slow immune attacks. In many cancers, this weakens the body’s defense. However, colorectal cancer behaves differently.Researchers discovered two Treg subtypes. One produces interleukin-10, or IL-10. The other does not.IL-10–positive Tregs help control tumor growth. They reduce signals that fuel cancer expansion. Therefore, these cells support longer survival.In contrast, IL-10–negative Tregs block cancer-fighting immune cells. They protect tumors from attack. As a result, cancers grow faster.
Evidence From Patients and Models
The team tested their findings in mouse models. They then confirmed results using patient tumor samples. Both showed the same immune split.Patients with more IL-10–positive Tregs lived longer. Meanwhile, higher levels of IL-10–negative Tregs meant poorer outcomes. This pattern appeared consistently across cases.
A New Target for Treatment
The harmful Tregs share one key feature. They produce large amounts of a protein called CCR8. This makes them easier to target.Scientists now aim to remove only these damaging cells. In addition, they want to preserve protective Tregs. This selective approach could improve immunotherapy results.Several clinical trials are already testing CCR8-targeted treatments. These studies combine new strategies with existing therapies. Therefore, hope is growing for better outcomes.Similar immune patterns appear in skin and stomach cancers. These tissues face constant environmental exposure. As a result, immune balance plays a major role.This discovery could shape future cancer treatments. It also highlights the importance of personalized immunotherapy. Ultimately, understanding immune behavior saves lives
